Master Data Communication And Networking with Forouzan 2nd Edition.pdf: A Practical and Theoretical Approach

# Data Communication And Networking Forouzan 2nd Edition.pdf ## Introduction - What is data communication and networking? - Why is it important to study this topic? - What are the main features of the book by Forouzan? ## Overview of the Book - How is the book organized? - What are the main topics covered in each chapter? - How does the book use the OSI reference model as a framework? ## Chapter Highlights - Chapter 1: Introduction - Data communication concepts and terminology - Network models and architectures - Standards and protocols - Chapter 2: Network Models - The OSI model and its layers - The TCP/IP model and its layers - Comparison and contrast of the two models - Chapter 3: Data and Signals - Analog and digital data and signals - Periodic and aperiodic signals - Transmission impairment and bandwidth - Chapter 4: Digital Transmission - Line coding and decoding - Block coding and scrambling - Transmission modes and multiplexing - Chapter 5: Analog Transmission - Modulation and demodulation - Amplitude, frequency, and phase modulation - Analog-to-digital conversion and digital-to-analog conversion - Chapter 6: Bandwidth Utilization: Multiplexing and Spreading - Frequency division multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing - Time division multiplexing and synchronous optical network - Code division multiple access and spread spectrum techniques - Chapter 7: Transmission Media - Guided media and unguided media - Twisted pair, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable - Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, and satellite communication - Chapter 8: Switching - Circuit switching and packet switching - Message switching and datagram networks - Virtual circuit networks and routing algorithms - Chapter 9: Using Telephone and Cable Networks for Data Transmission - Telephone network structure and operation - Dial-up modems and digital subscriber line - Cable TV network structure and operation - Cable modem and hybrid fiber-coaxial network - Chapter 10: Error Detection and Correction - Types of errors and error detection methods - Parity check, checksum, and cyclic redundancy check - Forward error correction and backward error correction - Chapter 11: Data Link Control - Framing methods and flow control techniques - Error control mechanisms and sliding window protocols - Piggybacking, selective repeat, go-back-N, stop-and-wait - Chapter 12: Multiple Access - Random access methods such as ALOHA, CSMA, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA - Controlled access methods such as reservation, polling, token passing - Channelization methods such as FDMA, TDMA, CDMA - Chapter 13: Wired LANs: Ethernet - Ethernet standards and evolution - Ethernet frame structure and MAC address - Ethernet physical layer specifications such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable - Chapter 14: Wireless LANs Some additional sentences are - Wireless LAN standards such as IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax - Wireless LAN architecture such as infrastructure mode, ad hoc mode, mesh mode - Wireless LAN security issues such as authentication, encryption, MAC filtering - Chapter 15: Connecting LANs, Backbone Networks, and Virtual LANs - Interconnecting devices such as repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, routers - Backbone networks such as bus network, star network, tree network - Virtual LANs such as port-based VLANs, tag-based VLANs, protocol-based VLANs - Chapter 16: Wireless WANs: Cellular Telephone and Satellite Networks - Cellular network structure such as cells, clusters, frequency reuse - Cellular network operation such as handoff, roaming, channel assignment - Satellite network structure such as geostationary orbit, low earth orbit, medium earth orbit - Satellite network operation such as uplink/downlink frequencies, multiple access methods, delay issues - Chapter 17: SONET/SDH - SONET/SDH standards and hierarchy - SONET/SDH frame structure and overhead bytes - SONET/SDH multiplexing and cross-connect systems - Chapter 18: Virtual-Circuit Networks: Frame Relay and ATM - Frame relay network structure and operation - Frame relay frame format and congestion control - ATM network structure and operation - ATM cell format and quality of service - Chapter 19: Network Layer: Logical Addressing - IPv4 address structure and classes - IPv4 address assignment and subnetting - IPv6 address structure and features - Chapter 20: Network Layer: Internet Protocol - IPv4 datagram format and header fields - IPv4 fragmentation and reassembly - IPv6 datagram format and header fields - IPv6 extension headers and transition mechanisms - Chapter 21: Network Layer: Address Mapping, Error Reporting, and Multicasting - Address resolution protocol and proxy ARP - Internet control message protocol and ping/traceroute utilities - Internet group management protocol and multicast routing protocols - Chapter 22: Network Layer: Delivery, Forwarding, and Routing - Delivery methods such as direct delivery, indirect delivery, host-specific delivery, network-specific delivery, default delivery - Forwarding methods such as static routing, dynamic routing, adaptive routing, nonadaptive routing - Routing algorithms such as distance vector routing, link state routing, path vector routing, hierarchical routing - Chapter 23: Process-to-Process Delivery: UDP, TCP, and SCTP - User datagram protocol features and header format - Transmission control protocol features and header format - TCP connection establishment and termination - TCP flow control, error control, and congestion control - Stream control transmission protocol features and header format - Chapter 24: Congestion Control and Quality of Service - Causes and effects of congestion in networks - Congestion control techniques such as open-loop control, closed-loop control, load shedding, jitter control - Quality of service parameters such as bandwidth, delay, jitter, loss - Quality of service techniques such as integrated services, differentiated services, multiprotocol label switching - Chapter 25: Domain Name System - Domain name system structure and hierarchy - Domain name system operation such as name resolution, caching, updating - Domain name system message format and types - Chapter 26: VPNs & VLANs - Virtual private network concepts and benefits - Virtual private network types such as remote-access VPNs, site-to-site VPNs - Virtual private network protocols such as point-to-point tunneling protocol, layer 2 tunneling protocol, secure socket tunneling protocol - Virtual LAN concepts and benefits - Chapter 27: Network Security - Network security threats and attacks such as passive attacks, active attacks, denial-of-service attacks, distributed denial-of-service attacks - Network security goals such as confidentiality, integrity, availability, authentication, nonrepudiation - Network security mechanisms such as encryption, digital signature, digital certificate, firewall, intrusion detection system ## Conclusion - Summarize the main points of the article - Emphasize the value of the book by Forouzan for learning data communication and networking - Provide some suggestions for further reading or practice ## FAQs - What are some of the advantages of using the OSI reference model for data communication and networking? - How can data communication and networking improve the performance and efficiency of various applications? - What are some of the challenges or limitations of data communication and networking in the current era? - How can data communication and networking benefit from emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence or quantum computing? - Where can I find more resources or examples for data communication and networking? Now I'm going to write the article based on this outline. Please wait for a few minutes while I generate the content. OK, I'm continuing to write the article. Here is the first part of the article: # Data Communication And Networking Forouzan 2nd Edition.pdf ## Introduction Data communication and networking are two of the most important topics in the field of computer science and engineering. Data communication refers to the process of exchanging data between two or more devices using a transmission medium such as a cable, a wireless channel, or a satellite link. Networking refers to the process of connecting multiple devices using data communication techniques to form a network that can share resources and information. Data communication and networking are essential for many applications such as the Internet, e-commerce, e-learning, telecommunication, multimedia, cloud computing, and so on. They enable us to communicate with people around the world, access information from various sources, and perform various tasks efficiently and effectively. To learn data communication and networking, one of the best books available is Data Communications and Networking by Behrouz A. Forouzan. This book is based on the 7 layers of the OSI reference model, which is a standard framework for describing how data is transmitted and processed in a network. The book covers both theoretical and practical aspects of data communication and networking, with examples, exercises, and case studies. The book also includes new chapters on VPNs & VLANs and network security, which are very relevant topics in today's world. In this article, we will provide an overview of the book by Forouzan and highlight some of the main topics covered in each chapter. We hope that this article will help you to understand the basics of data communication and networking and motivate you to read the book in detail. ## Overview of the Book The book by Forouzan is divided into seven parts, each corresponding to one layer of the OSI reference model. The parts are: - Part 1: Overview - Part 2: Physical Layer - Part 3: Data Link Layer - Part 4: Network Layer - Part 5: Transport Layer - Part 6: Application Layer - Part 7: Network Security Each part consists of several chapters that cover various topics related to that layer. The book also has four appendices that provide additional information on topics such as Unicode, number systems, error detection codes, and TCP/IP checksum. The book uses a bottom-up approach, starting from the physical layer and moving up to the application layer. This approach helps to understand how data is transformed from bits to signals at the physical layer, how data is organized into frames at the data link layer, how data is routed through networks at the network layer, how data is delivered reliably from one process to another at the transport layer, and how data is used by various applications at the application layer. The book also uses the OSI reference model as a framework to compare and contrast different protocols and technologies used in data communication and networking. The OSI reference model consists of seven layers: physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer. Each layer performs a specific function in data communication and networking and provides services to the upper layers while using services from the lower layers. The book explains each layer in detail and shows how different protocols and technologies fit into that layer. For example, at the physical layer, the book discusses various transmission media such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, and satellite links. At the data link layer, the book discusses various multiple access methods such as ALOHA, CSMA/CD, I'm still writing the rest of the article. Please wait for a few more minutes while I generate the content. OK, I'm continuing to write the article. Here is the second part of the article: CSMA/CA, FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA. At the network layer, the book discusses various routing algorithms such as distance vector routing, link state routing, path vector routing, and hierarchical routing. At the transport layer, the book discusses various protocols such as UDP, TCP, and SCTP. At the application layer, the book discusses various applications such as DNS, FTP, SMTP, HTTP, and SNMP. The book also compares and contrasts the OSI reference model with another popular model for data communication and networking: the TCP/IP model. The TCP/IP model consists of four layers: network access layer, internet layer, transport layer, and application layer. The book shows how the TCP/IP model differs from the OSI reference model in terms of structure, functionality, and protocols. The book is written in a clear and concise manner, with diagrams, tables, examples, exercises, and case studies to illustrate the concepts and principles of data communication and networking. The book also provides references to other books and online resources for further reading and practice. ## Chapter Highlights In this section, we will briefly summarize some of the main topics covered in each chapter of the book by Forouzan. We will not go into too much detail here, as we encourage you to read the book yourself to gain a deeper understanding of data communication and networking. - Chapter 1: Introduction - This chapter introduces the basic concepts and terminology of data communication and networking, such as data types, signal types, transmission modes, transmission media, network topologies, network categories, network models, standards, protocols, and encapsulation. - This chapter also introduces the OSI reference model and its seven layers: physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer. It explains the functions and services of each layer and how they interact with each other. - Chapter 2: Network Models - This chapter explains the OSI reference model in more detail and shows how different protocols and technologies fit into each layer of the model. It also compares and contrasts the OSI reference model with another popular model for data communication and networking: the TCP/IP model. It explains the structure, functionality, and protocols of each layer of the TCP/IP model: network access layer (corresponding to physical layer and data link layer of OSI), internet layer (corresponding to network layer of OSI), transport layer (corresponding to transport layer of OSI), and application layer (corresponding to session layer, presentation layer, I'm still writing the rest of the article. Please wait for a few more minutes while I generate the content. OK, I'm continuing to write the article. Here is the third part of the article: and application layer of OSI). - Chapter 3: Data and Signals - This chapter discusses the concepts and properties of data and signals in data communication and networking. It explains the difference between analog and digital data and signals, and how they can be converted from one form to another. It also explains the characteristics of periodic and aperiodic signals, such as amplitude, frequency, phase, period, wavelength, and spectrum. It also discusses the effects of transmission impairment and bandwidth on data and signals. - Chapter 4: Digital Transmission - This chapter discusses the methods and techniques of transmitting digital data using digital signals. It explains the concepts of line coding and decoding, which are used to convert a stream of bits into a digital signal. It also explains the concepts of block coding and scrambling, which are used to improve the performance and reliability of digital transmission. It also explains the concepts of transmission modes and multiplexing, which are used to transmit multiple data streams over a single channel. - Chapter 5: Analog Transmission - This chapter discusses the methods and techniques of transmitting digital data using analog signals or analog data using analog signals. It explains the concepts of modulation and demodulation, which are used to change the characteristics of an analog signal to carry information. It also explains the types of modulation, such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and phase modulation (PM). It also explains the concepts of analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) and digital-to-analog conversion (DAC), which are used to convert between analog and digital data or signals. - Chapter 6: Bandwidth Utilization: Multiplexing and Spreading - This chapter discusses the methods and techniques of utilizing the bandwidth of a channel efficiently and effectively. It explains the concepts of multiplexing and spreading, which are used to combine or split multiple signals over a single channel. It also explains the types of multiplexing, such as frequency division multiplexing (FDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), and synchronous optical network (SONET). It also explains the types of spreading, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) and spread spectrum techniques. - Chapter 7: Transmission Media - This chapter discusses the types and characteristics of transmission media used in data communication and networking. It explains the difference between guided media and unguided media, and how they affect the transmission of data and signals. It also explains the types of guided media, such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. It also explains the types of unguided media, such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, and satellite links. I'm still writing the rest of the article. Please wait for a few more minutes while I generate the content. OK, I'm continuing to write the article. Here is the fourth part of the article: - Chapter 8: Switching - This chapter discusses the methods and techniques of switching data and signals in a network. It explains the difference between circuit switching and packet switching, and how they affect the performance and efficiency of data transmission. It also explains the types of packet switching, such as message switching, datagram networks, and virtual circuit networks. It also explains the concepts of routing algorithms, which are used to find the best path for data packets in a network. - Chapter 9: Using Telephone and Cable Networks for Data Transmission - This chapter discusses the use of telephone and cable networks for data transmission. It explains the structure and operation of the telephone network, which is a circuit-switched network that provides voice and data services. It also explains the use of dial-up modems and digital subscriber line (DSL) for data transmission over the telephone network. It also explains the structure and operation of the cable TV network, which is a hybrid network that provides video and data services. It also explains the use of cable modems and hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) network for data transmission over the cable TV network. - Chapter 10: Error Detection and Correction - This chapter discusses the methods and techniques of detecting and correcting errors in data transmission. It explains the types and causes of errors, such as noise, distortion, interference, and attenuation. It also explains the methods of error detection, such as parity check, checksum, and cyclic redundancy check (CRC). It also explains the methods of error correction, such as forward error correction (FEC) and backward error correction (BEC). - Chapter 11: Data Link Control - This chapter discusses the methods and techniques of controlling the flow and reliability of data transmission at the data link layer. It explains the concepts of framing methods, which are used to divide a stream of bits into frames. It also explains the concepts of flow control techniques, which are used to regulate the speed and volume of data transmission. It also explains the concep